![]() The respondents were given a definition of long‐COVID as well as a list of predominant symptoms in adults, and were able to consult their patient records to accurately describe relevant patient cases. Additional information, including patient age, the investigation used to diagnose COVID and whether hospital admission was required were also collected. The survey, consisting of five questions with sub‐questions, focused on four key areas: (1) the occurrence of Pediatric Long‐COVID, (2) the clinical manifestation, (3) the severity of disease and impact on daily activity, and (4) the wider multidisciplinary team involvement. ![]() All patient data were anonymized and handled in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation. It was designed by a team of pediatricians with input from medical ethics officers and privacy advisors. The survey aimed to achieve a representative distribution of at least 70% of the 73 hospitals across the Netherlands with pediatric departments. The survey was distributed with the help of the Dutch Pediatric Society (Nederlandse Vereniging van Kindergeneeskunde, NVK). ![]() It used an online survey platform (LimeSurvey), compliant with general data protection regulation & European Union law. Pediatricians work in secondary and tertiary care hospitals. ![]() Here, the decision is made if a referral to a pediatrician is necessary since the symptoms or consequences are sufficiently serious, or the presentation not fully understood. In the Netherlands, when a child is sick, unless their condition is acutely life‐threatening, they are seen by their family doctor. We conclude that long‐COVID is not limited to adults, and is an overlooked phenomenon in children.īetween Decemand February 6, 2021, we performed a cross‐sectional observational study using a survey to investigate Dutch pediatricians' experience with long‐COVID in children. In addition to this, we illustrate and identify specific disease characteristics through the use of a detailed case series. The primary aim of this observational study was to determine how large the pediatric population is with long‐COVID that has already been referred to a specialist by a family doctor. 10, 11Ĭonversely, a small group of hospitalized children with COVID‐19, described by Denina et al., 7 were found not to display long‐term sequelae 19–46 days after admittance. 8, 9 Ludvigsson published a five‐patient case series identifying that children display long‐COVID symptoms similar to those in adults: persistent fatigue, headache, and concentration difficulties. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of information and consensus regarding the incidence and risk factors of long‐term effects of COVID in children. Recent reports from Italy and the United Kingdom suggest long‐COVID also occurs in children. 5 However, although not extensively investigated, long‐term effects of COVID, including school absenteeism, have also been shown in children. 2, 3, 4 The acute phase of COVID‐19 in children is commonly less severe than in adults. 2, 3, 4 Yet, in adults hospitalized at the time of acute infection, the percentage of post‐COVID sequelae can be as high as 87.4%. 1 No correlation has been shown between disease severity at primary infection and post‐acute disease. It is defined by the signs and symptoms that develop during or after an infection consistent with COVID‐19 that continue for more than 12 weeks, and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. The post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19, now recognized as long‐COVID, post‐COVID‐19 syndrome, or post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC), have been well documented as a multisystem disease in adults.
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